<h1><span style="font-weight: 400;">Part 5 - Shoulder time!</span></h1>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">One of the most complex joints in our client’s body &amp; becoming a problem area for common problems just like the lower back!</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Shall we dive straight in….?</span>

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<h2><b>The Bones </b></h2>
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<h2><b>Clavicle (Collar bone) </b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">The word clavicle comes from the latin for ‘tendril’ due to its meagre connection from the scapula to sternum.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It is also known as the collarbone, the ‘beauty bone’ or the ‘skinny bone’ since those awful times when ‘skinny’ was perceived as attractive. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">AND….it is the only bony connection between our shoulder &amp; the rest of our skeleton! </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">WOW! No wonder shoulder ‘issues’ are a common thing our clients complain about!</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">The clavicle is the first bone to harden in the fetus but interestingly the last to completely develop! </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">With this in mind &amp; the fact that it's a </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">force transmitter</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from the arms to the upper body/skeleton you can appreciate </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">why youngsters can often break theirs. </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">If you were to view it from overhead it has an S shape &amp; try</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> placing your fingers/hand onto your clavicle then shrug up your shoulder….can you feel it articulate with the sternum?</span>

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<h2><b><img class="aligncenter wp-image-25462" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Screenshot-2020-12-15-at-10.17.34.png" alt="" width="735" height="722" />Humerus</b></h2>
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<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Umerus</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> means upper arm from its latin origins but also history from the Greek word </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">omos</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> for arm. The top end (proximal portion) of the humerus joins the glenoid fossa to create what's known as the glenohumeral joint. </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-25461" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/shutterstock_305274299-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="270" height="789" />

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Glenoid means smooth shallow depression or slightly cupped.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Fossa meaning ‘ditch’ or pit.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Head of humerus is also called the </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">caput humeri -</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> caput meaning head in this instance.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Greater tubercle is from latin </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">tuberculum</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or small swelling </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Lesser tubercle or </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">tuberculum minus</span></i>

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<h2><b>Scapular </b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">The shoulder ‘blade’ or scapula is an attachment site for around 17 muscles &amp; glides on the scapulothoracic joint, also described as a false joint since it doesn't have the usual joint components. </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">The front facing (anterior) side is called the costal surface as it relates to the ribs/costals. It is also the subscapular fossa where the subscapularis sits between the scapular &amp; ribs.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">The dorsal surface (posterior) or side &amp; also known as the infraspinous fossa - why? Go on guess….???? YES the infraspinatus muscle sits on there!!</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-25460" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/shutterstock_278017295-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="555" height="605" />

<span style="font-weight: 400;">The scapular’s triangular in shape &amp; so has 3 sides;</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Superior border (top)</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Lateral border (axillary which relates to the armpit, so outer edge)</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Medial border (or vertebral border or medial margin, closest to the vertebrae)</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">At each corner where these ‘sides meet are the angles;</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Superior angle (top &amp; medial)</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Inferior angle (bottom &amp; medial)</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Lateral or glenoid angle also known as the head of the scapular </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Glenoid cavity (or fossa) where the humerus ‘connects’</span>

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<h2><span style="font-weight: 400;">The other key landmarks;</span></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Acromion process - allows us to do a pec minor test when clients lies supine - this process should measure 2.5cm or 1” front the floor  or massage bed</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Coracoid process - upper attachment site for pec minor in the hollow on the front of the shoulder </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Spine of scapular - the ledge that sweeps across the top back portion. Place your hand over the opposite shoulder to feel this ledge.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Subscapular fossa - front surface against ribs</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Infraspinous fossa - back surface that gives hedonistic discomfort when you rub it against a ball, against a wall!!</span>

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<h2><b>The meeting places….</b></h2>
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<h2><b>Sternoclavicular Joint (S/C)</b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Where the sternum &amp; clavicle meet!</span>

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<h2><b>Acromioclavicular Joint (A/C)</b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Where the acromion &amp; clavicle meet!</span>

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<h2><b>Glenohumeral Joint </b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Where the Glenoid fossa &amp; humerus meet!</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24189" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/shutterstock_172528928-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="509" height="482" />
<h2><b>Interesting shoulder facts </b></h2>
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 	<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">There’s no actual socket!</span></li>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">When we learn our anatomy the shoulder is described as a ball &amp; socket joint even though technically there isn't a socket! </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The ball of the humerus instead moves against the flat surface of the glenoid fossa! The shoulder barely connects to the rest of the skeleton.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">The only bony connection is at the collarbone as described above!</span>
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 	<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">It goes all over the place!</span></li>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">When healthy, your shoulder should allow your arm to go in pretty much any directions. Its also </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">considered a multiaxial joint due to its multiplanar capability.</span>
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 	<li style="font-weight: 400;"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Muscles REALLY matter for your shoulder.</span></li>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Because of the low level of bony connection to the rest of the skeleton, the lack of a socket, and the many directions of its movement mean that muscles have a much more critical job in this region. </span>
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<h1>Would you like to learn more about shoulder biomechanics?</h1>
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Pete Banbury, The Body Mapper &amp; Rachel Frances Thomson, Biomechanics Education share a passion for the same things

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<h2>Anatomy, Movement &amp; Education Experiences</h2>
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With a combined 5 decades working within these fields this dedicated duo wanted to share some nuggets of functional / practical shoulder anatomy. Not only tips to recall the relevant anatomy but also how to understand it biomechanically in application

So if you are involved in improving movement in anyway &amp; looking for a deeper level of understand the anatomy &amp; biomechanics of your client’s shoulder, how to assess, monitor &amp; condition improved joint strength ratios this 2hr webinar is aimed specifically at you!

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<h3 class="p1">Peter will show you how to EXPERIENCE anatomy in as many ways as possible</h3>
<h3 class="p1">Then Rachel will SHOW you how to assess your clients biomechanics to allow clever programme design</h3>
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<h1><a href="https://www.biomechanicseducation.com/product/working-with-shoulder-issues-webinar-dec-9th-2020-10am-12pm/#tab-description" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> &gt;&gt;CLICK HERE TO GET THIS WEBINAR &lt;&lt;</a></h1>
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