<h1><span style="font-weight: 400;">Pelvic (Hip) Biomechanics - Part 2 - The Muscles of the Hip</span></h1>
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<h4><span style="font-weight: 400;">This is the second on this series having discussed <a href="https://www.biomechanicseducation.com/pelvic-hip-biomechanics-part-1-the-bones/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pelvic (Hip) Biomechanics - Part 1 - The Bones of the Hip  &lt;&lt; HERE</a></span></h4>
Those of you who read these blogs regularly will recall my encouragement to 'forget the muscles' to better understand movement. Hopefully you will have been practicing that for some time now &amp; have some degree of confidence with understanding hip flexion, extension, abduction etc etc for example. This series is now aimed at increasing more detailed anatomy knowledge &amp; recall by giving relevance to the bones &amp; muscles that produce these movements.

There are of course many more structures that we could explore but I am going to focus on key areas that should be more familiar &amp; will be most helpful when you want to help your clients move more freely, with more confidence &amp; in less pain.

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One thing I find helpful is visual word association &amp; so researching the history of how certain muscles or anatomy got its name (usually from latin/Greek origin) can help with recall sometimes. Why not reply or leave a comment below with your tactics &amp; methods for recall?

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So heres what I would like you to do right now......Firstly save the URL to these pages to somewhere you can easily access them when you're having a little educational screen time....go on, I will wait.....

Now just take one section, one muscle or one area at a time. As you read each section grab your anatomy book, if you have a skeleton grab that too, along with a resistance band &amp; physically place the ends of the band on your skeleton using this blog &amp; your manual for each muscle.

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VISUALISE the attachments

IMAGINE the line/s of pull

Perform that muscle's action yourself - yes lift/move your leg

Feel the area while VISUALISING again - palpating or feeling your own muscles

List &amp; consider the movements or exercises that muscle will produce or assist

Write as many of them as you can down in your anatomy /exercise library note book

Then learn techniques to improve the function of each area/muscle or movement.

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Anatomy can be studied for many many years with still so many more new things to learn. Even though I have been a movement geek for 3 decades I still feel there is so much more I can learn! By creating these blogs for you I am reinforcing &amp; refreshing my own recall &amp; anatomical vocabulary....so thank YOU!</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It is my hope that this series gives us all a little bit more confidence when understanding anatomy, discussing anatomy &amp; analysing it. Just i</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">magine this is a continuation of your original anatomy study &amp; preparation for further learning on other educational programmes.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">So shall we begin at the bottom……? The bum, the butt...</span>

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<h1><b>The Glutei</b><b> OR Gluteals!</b></h1>
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<b>Plural name for the ‘glutes’ </b>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Possibly the MOST talked about muscle group in our industry, right!? Why do we think that is?</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">It relates to pelvic function?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Commonly thought of as ‘weak’?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">We sit on them a LOT?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">They relate to all of the compound moves?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">They relate to a sexiness scale on instagram in booty shots? </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Who knows….? All of the above maybe?</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">But how well do we understand each of them technically? their attachments? their actions?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Also which exercises/movements they contribute to? </span>

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<h2><b>Gluteus Maximus </b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">This name speaks for itself as it is the biggest buttock / rump &amp; it is also the primary hip extensor, (assisted by the top portion of 3 hamstrings) its also a lateral rotator of the hip, an abductor of the hip where it feeds into the ITB &amp; guess what!? the lower fibres actually </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">adduct</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the hip where they attached to the back of the femur. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">So it could be argued it is an antagonist to itself - oooer!</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It does all of this because it attaches to the coccyx, the sacrum, posterior or back of the iliac crest, (along with the sacrotuberous &amp; sacroiliac ligaments) &amp; down into the ITB (iliotibial band or tract) &amp; the gluteal tuberosity. </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">LOOK...</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24770" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/1401137150-huge-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="560" height="560" />

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Now consider what is happening when you sit on this bad boy for prolonged periods. It is known as a prime mover in fundamental movements like squats, deadlifts, bending over, standing up, sitting down &amp; has some input into walking with more involvement when climbing the stairs due to the extra range required. It is also a stabiliser when standing &amp; co-contracting with the hip flexors. These 2 muscle groups should apparently have a balanced 1:1 ratio of strength. </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">NOTE: It is important to understand the ‘Gluteal’s’ roles individually because often they are misunderstood due to the lazy way they can be discussed as a group on social media; for example.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">When looking at their actions that they are actually antagonistic to each other so its important to appreciate what this could mean when conditioning them or testing their capacity.</span>

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<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">To test Glute Maximus’s performance remember its primary role is in hip extension. </span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">So super simple test hip extension!</span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">To test hip extension you could simply ask your client to perform a high step up &amp; observe... </span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">What happens at their hip? </span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Do they need to push off the bottom foot to assist the glute max being tested? </span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">What could this mean? </span></i>

<i><span style="font-weight: 400;">What could you do?</span></i>

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<h2><b>Gluteus Medius </b></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">The name Medius again gives us its location &amp; comparative size to its siblings, meaning middle or medium. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Attaching to the ilium, below the crest, to the lateral aspect (outer bit) of the greater trochanter means all its fibres will abduct the hip. However its anterior (front) fibres flex &amp; medially rotate the hip while the posterior fibres extend &amp; laterally rotate it...ooooo fancy that!</span>

Its unsurprising learning anatomy can be tough eh!

We are given rules to follow or boxes to fill when we learn anatomy in the beginning but the more we learn, the deeper level we get to understand &amp; appreciate anatomy, the more complex it appears - BUT trust me in application it can always be simplified for working with a client!

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24771" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_1377046316-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="419" height="559" />

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<b>Gluteus Minimus</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> - Yup you guessed it means the smallest! - this little beauty abducts, flexes &amp; internally rotates the hip because it attaches, similarly to glute medius, to the outer edge of the greater trochanter but its underneath medius muscle on the flat outer surface of the ilium. </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24772" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_1350320282-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="376" height="501" />

<span style="font-weight: 400;">All this said, let's simplify the role of the glutei in movement.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Collectively they produce ‘primarily’ hip extension, hip abduction &amp; hip stabilisation during fundamental movements. Max being the big hip extensor &amp; Min/Med the main Abductors…..see other contributors coming up.</span>

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<b>So What?</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> - Well we do spend quite a bit of time squelched on top of Glute Max, maybe if we sit on the side of our hip we are also squelching glute min/med somewhat too. We do this for prolonged periods then we expect them to produce all of these actions as well as stabilise our spine/upper body &amp; head on top while controlling the motion of our limbs below!</span>

The brain is fantastic at creating physical compensations to adapt to the environment we live in &amp; enable our body to reserve energy. This alters the functionality of the compensatory structures. so the example of sitting isn't necessarily bad for us, its the lack of physical variety that our body responds negatively to over time.  The best &amp; simplest advice we can give to our clients is to keep changing position &amp; keep moving, along with safe, effective &amp; evidence backed techniques like the ones in the iMoveFreely programme.

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<h1><b>Hip Flexors </b></h1>
<h2><b>Iliopsoas</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">This is the group name for the iliacus &amp; psoas major for obvious reasons in its name. Should you buy one from the butcher he’d call it tenderloin or filet mignon! (<em>Andrew Biel, Trail Guide to the Body, 2010)</em></span>

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<h2><b>Iliacus</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Meaning it relates to the ilium (one of the 3 fused portions of the pelvis). When I see this muscle in books it always reminds me of a waterfall pouring from the top of the ilium, over the iliac fossa &amp; down to the femur’s lesser trochanter.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It flexes the hip or flexes the trunk depending which end is fixed! It also tilts (pulls) the pelvis anteriorly (down at the front). </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24773" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_293557031-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="466" height="622" />
<h2><b>Psoas Major</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Meaning ‘plural muscles of the loin’ - This '</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">phat' </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">bad boy travels from the transverse processes (outer sticky out bits of the spine) &amp; bodies of each vertebrae of the lumbar spine L1-4 to the femur’s lesser trochanter (the smaller bump). This means it flexes the hip or trunk &amp; tilts the pelvis anteriorly like iliacus. </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24774" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_223319263-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="472" height="630" />

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<i><span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>NOTE</strong>: Books often state “Iliopsoas MAY laterally rotate the hip”....!? Having done a little research &amp; after speaking to my clinician colleagues this is likely based on our understanding of its anatomy BUT it's a tough one to set up &amp; prove in a lab - which proves how intricate &amp; phenomenal our intrinsic structures are! I even came across a very old paper that stated….. "</span></i><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Reference to sixteen anatomical text-books for the rotating functions of the iliacus and psoas major muscles shows that five favoured these muscles as </span></i><b><i>medial rotators</i></b><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">, six as lateral rotators, and five made no mention of the rotating functions." (ROTATING FUNCTIONS OF THE ILIACUS AND PSOAS MAJOR MUSCLES, R. RUSSELL BEST &amp;</span></i> <i><span style="font-weight: 400;">P. M. BANCROFT, 1899) </span></i>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">A good piece of advice would be to always check your source, its year of publication &amp; validity!!!</span>
<h2><b>Psoas Minor </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Andrew Biel also shares in his book Trail Guide to the Body, the idea that only 40% of the population has this muscle - IF you do have one it is thought to assist lumbar extension BUT also posteriorly tilt the pelvis - opposite to major! </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">HOW?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">This is due to its attachment to ramus of pubis from the body &amp; transverse process of L1. </span>

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<b>So What?</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> - </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Prolonged sitting wont help the antagonist competitors (the hip flexors &amp; adductors) which could also result in them ‘inhibiting’ the functionality of each other!</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>NOTE: Hip Extensors V’s Hip Flexors?</strong> - which is the inhibited &amp; which is the inhibitor? This is often the conundrum I start with when I am working with a new client. Using the Downing's Sign, 4 sign, Modified Thomas &amp; Gillet’s pelvic function tests I can identify dysfunction &amp; prescribe the relevant iMoveFreely technique/s prior to the clients strength training programme. iMoveFreely works as a periodised preparation programme &amp; allows me to identify what is inhibiting what.</span>

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<h2><b>Tensor Fasciae Latae</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (TFL) </span></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">This is likely to be one of the key muscles we should consider INSTEAD of </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">stripping out</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (in massage) </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">or crushing</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the IT Band (with a foam roller) when experiencing painful runners' knee for example! </span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">TFL feeds into the ITB from the iliac crest just behind the ASIS.</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Known as the ‘stretcher’ of the sideband (or ITB). This is a cute contributor when running, swimming, cycling, climbing because it helps with hip flexion, internal rotation &amp; abduction of the hip!</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>NOTE</strong>: The ITB is a fascial structure, NOT muscle, but a thick band thats job is to stabilise the hip &amp; knee. So it is </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">supposed</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to hold tension for knee stability ie you do not want a loose ITB! However when we learn its anatomical relationship with TFL &amp; Glute Max can you now think of ways to improve the function of the ITB?</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24775" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_149230190-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="520" height="650" />
<h2><b>Sartorius </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Whenever</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">I say this muscle's name I feel I have to sing it like a Greek gods name with emphasis …...</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Sartooooooooorius! </span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">Makes me think of movies like '300' with Gerrad Butler. It also brings to mind a super lean body builder because you would need to be super lean to show off on stage this snake-like beauty as it weaves from the ASIS down to the medial tibia meaning…..</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;"><strong>NOTE</strong>: THIS IS THE 4 SIGN POSITIONER MUSCLE!</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">You will never forget the attachments for this one if you think of it as the 4 Sign positioner. It will flex, laterally rotate &amp; abduct hip. It will also flex, &amp; medially rotate the knee. So if you try these movements combined you will notice it is the movement you do to get into the 4 Sign pelvic muscle energy technique! </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Latin word </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">sartor</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> meaning </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">tailor</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> due to this old time professionals 4 sign posture when </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">tailoring</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> or making clothes.</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24776" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_303065684-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="422" height="562" />
<h1><b>Lateral Rotators</b></h1>
<h2><b>Piriformis</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Pear shaped little buggar that can be an irritant to so many of our clients, &amp; ourselves! </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;"> WHY? </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Maybe because of its depth in the body &amp; also its importance during so many fundamental movements since it crosses that popular discussion topic, the SIJ (sacroiliac joint). It could be described as a key ‘core muscle’ of the pelvis because of its pathway from the front of the sacrum to the greater trochanter (bigger nobbly bit on the femur)</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;">When functioning well piriformis can laterally rotate the femur when the hip is extended (or below 70-90 degrees of flexion) while standing for example</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">BUT</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It becomes an antagonist to itself &amp; is an internal rotator when the hip is flexed above 70-90 degrees or you sit or lift your leg up!</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Don't panic if you find that tricky to comprehend its role in movement as it is ALWAYS an abductor, being a stronger abductor when the hip is flexed.</span>

If you want to understand type 'piriformis action' into YouTube

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24777" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_293555465-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="462" height="615" />
<h2><b>Quadratus Femoris</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Quadratus means quadrilateral or square &amp; femoris links to the femur. So its very name gives us at least one attachment site at the back of the</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> femur</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> to the itchy bum (or ischium) so it will help to laterally rotate the leg/hip.</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24786" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Screenshot-2020-11-09-at-09.03.16.png" alt="" width="249" height="354" />
<h2><b>Obturator Internus</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Obturator means ‘to close up’, internus - deeper inside the pelvis I guess!?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">This muscle (&amp; its sibling, the obturator externus - see below) </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">act to rotate the thigh laterally when it is extended &amp; to abduct it in the flexed position. This is because it attaches to the inferior (lower) surface of the obturator foramen (opening/hole) to the medial surface of greater trochanter (trokhos Greek word for wheel).</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24784" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Screenshot-2020-11-09-at-08.59.52.png" alt="" width="252" height="339" />
<h2><b>Obturator Externus</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">See above for actions &amp; this muscle</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> does this because of its attachments from the Rami (meaning branch - remus is singular, rami plural) of pubis (part of pelvis behind the pubic hair) &amp; itchy bum (ischium) to the trochanter fossa (ditch) - anything being memorised yet???</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24785" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Screenshot-2020-11-09-at-08.59.31.png" alt="" width="232" height="339" />
<h2><b>The Gemellus Twins </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Gemellus literally means 'twin'</span>

<b>Gemellus Superior </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">- Top twin laterally rotates via its attachment to medial (inside) surface of greater trochanter exactly like its twin - see below but G. Superior also attaches to the ischial spine above </span><b>Gemellus Inferiors </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">attachment to the ischial tuberosity (</span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">tuber</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> is latin for swelling or lump)</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24781" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_1757766335-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="478" height="478" />

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<b>So What? </b><span style="font-weight: 400;">- These can be evaluated as part of the Dowings sign &amp; 4 sign pelvis tests again. </span>
<h2><b>Pelvic Floor</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Just like a trampoline, the pelvic floor is flexible &amp; can move up &amp; down. It also creates a surface (floor) for the pelvic organs to lie upon: the bladder, uterus &amp; bowels. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Remembering it is a muscle we often talk about it being lax or ‘weak’ BUT maybe we should also consider its ability to ‘function’ normally like other muscles. Ie Could it simply become dysfunctional or inhibited or develop an altered state that needs lengthening &amp; loading like in a body weight A2G squat for example?</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Feel free to send your thoughts along with justifications... of course!</span>

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<h1><b>Adductors</b></h1>
<h2><b>Adductor Magnus - My favourite muscle!!</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">LOVE LOVE LOVE this beauty - why? I am a geek &amp; it brings me joy to see its shape &amp; I appreciate its role in assisting other actions other than its primary role. </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Magnus means large, adduct meaning </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">adding</span></i> <span style="font-weight: 400;">“toward” &amp; ducere </span><b>meaning</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> “to lead or to draw.” A. Magnus is known as the ‘floor of the adductors’ &amp; also the 4th hamstring due to its posterior fibres assistance in hip extension. It can do this because it starts at the pubis/ischium &amp; travels to the medial (inside) lip of the linea aspera (which means rough line &amp; this ‘lip’ or ridge runs down the femur). At its base of adductor magnus there is a hole or </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">hiatus</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> (meaning to gape or yawn) </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24780" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_303082580-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="418" height="557" />
<h2><b>Adductor Longus </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Guess what the word longus means?…..You guessed it….Long!! Pubis to linea aspera again similar to its short a** bro below….</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24782" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_293551259-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="368" height="490" />
<h2><b>Adductor Brevis </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Latin for short in size - Keeping it simple from the pubis to linea aspera.</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24783" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Screenshot-2020-11-09-at-08.58.26.png" alt="" width="242" height="354" />
<h2><b>Pectineus</b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">This interesting word actually means </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">comb</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;">! </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">It is our most anterior adductor, once again from the pubis to the femur </span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24778" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_303067988-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="378" height="504" />
<h2><b>Gracilis </b></h2>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Adducts obviously but this word means </span><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">slender</span></i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> from its latin history &amp; is the only adductor that crosses the knee.</span>

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<img class="aligncenter wp-image-24779" src="https://biomechanicseducation.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/shutterstock_293550401-scaled-1.jpg" alt="" width="408" height="545" />

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<b>So What?</b><span style="font-weight: 400;"> - We can use tests for coxa valga, vara to identify if a client actually has a geometry that limits abduction. Tight adductors isnt as much of an issue as many think. </span>

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<b><i>Internal or Medial rotation</i></b><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> of the thigh at the hip joint is produced by glute medius, minimus, TFL &amp; is </span></i><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">aided</span></i><i><span style="font-weight: 400;"> by the contractions of the </span></i><b><i>gracilis, adductor longus, adductor magnus when there is knee flexion</i></b><i><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></i>

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<h1><b>Actions at the pelvis / hip</b></h1>
<h3>To enable out clients to enjoy a fully functioning pelvis we could assess their ability to perform each of these movements &amp; those that appear to have lost some degree of 'quality' to their 'performance' we might want to consider how we can coach special techniques like iMoveFreely to improve the movement. Then ask them to perform it again &amp; see what happens!</h3>
<span style="font-weight: 400;">Posterior tilt - greek for ‘coming after’ </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Anterior tilt - ‘going before’ in time sequence</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Circumduction - circular or conical</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Abduction - to abduct or 'take away'</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Adduction - to add to or towards </span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Flexion - latin for 'bend'</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Extension - latin for 'stretch out'</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">Internal / Medial rotation - rotate inwards</span>

<span style="font-weight: 400;">External / Lateral rotation - rotate outwards</span>

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<span style="font-weight: 400;"><b>Another option </b></span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Would you like to learn some tests via online workshops &amp; a manual to enhance this information even further &amp; how to assess your clients pelvis &amp; spine online?!?!</span>

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<h2><a href="https://www.biomechanicseducation.com/product/pelvic-spine-biomechanics-online-cpd-training/#tab-description" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">CLICK HERE &gt;&gt; Pelvic &amp; Spine Biomechanics Online CPD Training </a></h2>
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<span style="font-weight: 400;">Pelvic Biomechanics Practical Anatomy Webinar - Part 1 &amp; 2 The bones, muscles &amp; actions</span>

<a href="https://www.biomechanicseducation.com/product/pelvic-biomechanics-practical-anatomy-part-1-the-bones-muscles-actions/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">Available to purchase £27 HERE</span></a>